Linear B
Tone
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.
Nasalization
In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.
Indo-European languages
Indo-Iranian languages
They include over 300 languages, spoken by around 1.5 billion speakers, predominantly in South Asia and Greater Iran.
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people
The most widely spoken Germanic language, English, is also the world’s most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers.
All Germanic languages are derived from Proto-Germanic, spoken in Iron Age Scandinavia.
Greek language
Italic languages
The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken on the Italian Peninsula in the first millennium BC. The most important of the ancient languages was Latin, the official language of ancient Rome, which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era.
The Romance languages, sometimes referred to as Latin languages or Neo-Latin languages, are various modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic languages in the Indo-European language family. The five most widely spoken Romance languages by number of native speakers are Spanish (489 million), Portuguese (283 million), French (77 million), Italian (67 million) and Romanian (24 million), which are all national languages of their respective countries of origin.
Celtic languages