Fibers

Plant

Cotton

棉

Flax

Flax (亚麻) is the plant that produces the fibers that are spun into linen thread and then woven into linen cloth.

Hemp

麻

Animal

Alpaca

羊驼

Silk

蚕丝

Wool

羊毛

Yak

牦牛

Mineral

Asbestos

  • 隔热材料、防火材料
  • 石棉瓦、刹车片、离合器片
  • 1970年发现，石棉纤维对人体有害，吸入石棉粉尘不仅会导致肺部纤维化，形成肺尘病，还能诱发支气管肺癌、胸腹膜间皮瘤和其他恶性肿瘤。
  • 欧盟要求所有成员国要在2004年底之前通过立法禁用石棉的指令。

Carbon fibers

碳钎维

Glass fiber

玻璃纤维

Synthetic polymers

Nylon

Nylon (聚酰胺纤维、尼龙，锦纶) was first used commercially in a nylon-bristled toothbrush in 1938, followed more famously in women’s stockings or “nylons” which were shown at the 1939 New York World’s Fair and first sold commercially in 1940.

Polyester

Polyesters (聚酯纤维) are one of the most economically important classes of polymers, driven especially by PET, which is counted among the commodity plastics.

Microfiber

Microfiber (超细纤维) cloths are also used to clean photographic lenses as they absorb oily matter without being abrasive or leaving a residue.

Spandex

  • invented in 1958, known for its exceptional elasticity.
  • 氨纶，用在男性衣服上很少，用在女性衣服上较多。

Semisynthesis

Rayon

Viscose, 嫘萦, 人造丝, 粘胶纤维

举例

毛巾