Writers

Dante Alighieri

1265-1321

作品列表

  • Divine Comedy

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

1547-1616

作品列表

  • Don Quixote (1605)

William Shakespeare

1564-1616

Mr. William Shakespeare’s Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies is a collection of plays by William Shakespeare, commonly referred to by modern scholars as the First Folio, published in 1623, about seven years after Shakespeare’s death. It is considered one of the most influential books ever published.

作品列表

  • The Taming of the Shrew (1593)
  • The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594)
  • A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595)
  • The Merchant of Venice (1596)
  • Romeo and Juliet (1597)
  • Much Ado About Nothing (1598)
  • Julius Caesar (1599)
  • Twelfth Night (1601)
  • Hamlet (1601)
  • Othello (1603)
  • King Lear (1605)
  • The Sonnets (1609)
  • The Tempest (1611)
  • Macbeth (1623)

John Bunyan

1628-1688

作品列表

  • The Pilgrim’s Progress

Daniel Defoe

1660-1731

作品列表

Jonathan Swift

1667-1745

作品列表

Voltaire

1694-1778

作品列表

  • Candide (1759)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

1749-1832

作品列表

  • The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774)
  • Faust

Jane Austen

1775-1817

Her plots, though fundamentally comic, highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security. Her work brought her little personal fame and only a few positive reviews during her lifetime, but the publication in 1869 of her nephew’s A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public, and by the 1940s she had become widely accepted in academia as a great English writer.

作品列表

  • Sense and Sensibility (1811)
  • Pride and Prejudice (1813)
  • Emma (1815)
  • Persuasion (1817)

Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle)

1783-1842

  • His family was part of the bourgeois class and was attached to the Ancien Regime, explaining his ambiguous view toward Napoleon, the Bourbon Restoration, and the monarchy later on.
  • He was named an auditor with the Conseil d’État on 3 August 1810, and thereafter took part in the French administration and in the Napoleonic wars in Italy.
  • After the 1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau, he left for Italy, where he settled in Milan.
  • Stendhal was a dandy and wit about town in Paris, as well as an obsessive womaniser. His genuine empathy towards women is evident in his books; Simone de Beauvoir spoke highly of him in The Second Sex. She credited him for perceiving a woman as just a woman and simply a human being. Citing Stendhal’s rebellious heroines, she maintained that he was a feminist writer.
  • Stendhal suffered miserable physical disabilities in his final years as he continued to produce some of his most famous work. He contracted syphilis in December 1808. As he noted in his journal, he was taking iodide of potassium and quicksilver to treat his sexual disease, resulting in swollen armpits, difficulty swallowing, pains in his shrunken testicles, sleeplessness, giddiness, roaring in the ears, racing pulse and “tremors so bad he could scarcely hold a fork or a pen”.
  • Following the 1964 Brazilian coup d’état, General Justino Alves Bastos, commander of the Third Army, ordered, in Rio Grande do Sul, the burning of all “subversive books.” Among the books he branded as subversive was The Red and the Black.

作品列表

Honoré de Balzac

1799-1850

作品列表

  • Eugénie Grandet (1833)
  • Père Goriot (1835)

Victor Hugo

1802-1885

作品列表

  • The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831)
  • Les Misérables (1862)
  • The Man Who Laughs (1869)
  • Ninety-Three (1874)

Edgar Allan Poe

1809-1849

父亲于1810年离家，母亲在隔年死于肺病。

1824年，坡暗恋玩伴的母亲简·斯蒂恩·斯塔纳德，未几，她就病故，坡为此作了一首诗：《致海伦》。第二年，坡与一名少女私定婚约，但双方家长都强烈反对，最后此婚约被少女的父母废除。17岁时，坡的养父将其送入弗吉尼亚大学，坡并不像他的一些同学那样去工作，他自幼所受的教育使他自认为是南方贵族，因而结交了一群富家子弟，年轻的他选择了赌场，聚赌酗酒，不但欠了一身赌债，还从此与酗酒脱离不了关系。入学不足一年，坡辍学，回到里士满。第二年3月，他离家出走。

1831年1月，坡受军事法庭审判，因为职责疏忽、酗酒赖床致违抗参与编队、课程和教会的命令而被开除。

1835年9月22日，坡回到巴尔的摩与表妹弗吉尼亚秘密结婚，26岁的坡迎娶了13岁的弗吉尼亚（结婚证为21岁）。

1847年1月30日，弗吉尼亚去世，坡声称由于受到严重的打击，因而更加无可救药的酗酒使其精神受到严重损害。之后的两年中，坡向大其五岁的寡妇莎拉·海伦·怀特曼求婚，但因酗酒而遭到解除婚约，后又向有夫之妇南西·里奇蒙太太、女诗人莎拉·安纳求爱，都遭到拒绝。

作品列表

  • The Raven (1845)

Nikolai Gogol

1809-1852

  • 母亲是一名虔诚的东正教徒。晚年果戈里开始沉迷于东正教狂热，同时深患着忧郁症。1847年，他发表和出版了《与友人书信选》，里面主要是与达官、贵妇的书信来往。
  • 果戈里出生并成长于今天的乌克兰境内，于是乌克兰人认为他是乌克兰人。但他出生之前乌克兰就已经并入俄国了，而且持的是俄国国籍，于是俄罗斯人认为他是俄国人。

作品列表

  • 死魂灵
  • 钦差大臣
  • 外套

参考

Charles Dickens

1812-1870

作品列表

  • Oliver Twist (1838)
  • A Christmas Carol (1843)
  • Dombey and Son (1848)
  • David Copperfield (1850)
  • Bleak House (1853)
  • A Tale of Two Cities (1859)
  • Great Expectations (1860)

Charlotte Brontë

1816-1855

作品列表

  • Jane Eyre (1847)

Gustave Flaubert

1821-1880

作品列表

  • Madame Bovary (1856)

Alexandre Dumas fils

1824-1895

作品列表

Henrik Ibsen

1828-1906

Louisa May Alcott

1832-1888

作品列表

  • Little Women (1868)

Lewis Carroll

1832-1898

作品列表

  • Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland

Alphonse Daudet

1840-1897

  • His family, on both sides, belonged to the bourgeoisie. His father, Vincent Daudet, was a silk manufacturer — a man dogged through life by misfortune and failure.
  • The position proved to be intolerable and Daudet said later that for months after leaving Alès he would wake with horror, thinking he was still among his unruly pupils. These experiences and others were reflected in his novel Le Petit Chose.
  • Daudet was a monarchist and a fervent opponent of the French Republic.

作品列表

  • 小东西 (1868)

Émile Zola

1840-1902

  • 左拉从一开始就毫不掩饰自己对拿破仑三世的厌恶，认为他以第二共和国为跳板来复辟帝制、建立独裁。
  • 左拉小说中有超过一半被他汇编成作品系列《卢贡-马卡尔家族》，这些小说在情节、人物上亦存在连续性和相关性（类似巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》）
  • 左拉因壁炉堵塞引起的中毒在巴黎的寓所与世长辞。

作品列表

  • 小酒店
  • 娜娜
  • 萌芽
  • 金钱

Guy de Maupassant

1850-1893

  • 莫泊桑时常出国旅游寻找灵感。他因写作而名利双收，出入巴黎的上流社会，他却纵情声色、流连风月，后来染上梅毒。
  • 据美国作家弗兰克·哈里斯在《我的生活与爱情》一书中的描述：“莫泊桑多次与我说，只要是他看上的女性，就一定能抱在怀里。” “他坚持说，我干过两回、三回直到20回，疲劳都是一样的。”
  • 自1891年之后，莫泊桑越发喜欢孤独的生活，而且抑郁症十分严重，加之他早年染梅毒，非常痛苦，曾试图自杀。1893年并发精神病症，割喉了结一生，7月6日逝世于巴黎巴塞精神病院，终年42岁。

作品列表

  • 羊脂球 (1880)
  • 一生 (1883)
  • 漂亮朋友 (1885)

Robert Louis Stevenson

1850-1894

史蒂文森常常到处旅行，部分原因是寻找适合他治疗结核病的气候。

作品列表

  • Treasure Island (1882)
  • Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886)
  • Kidnapped (1886)

Oscar Wilde

1854-1900

作品列表

  • The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890)
  • The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)

Frank Harris

1856-1931

作品列表

  • 我的生活与爱情

George Bernard Shaw

1856-1950

Arthur Conan Doyle

1859-1930

James Matthew Barrie

1860-1937

作品列表

  • Peter Pan (1911)

Herbert George Wells

1866-1946

André Gide

1869-1951

He befriended Oscar Wilde in Paris, and in 1895 Gide and Wilde met in Algiers. Wilde had the impression that he had introduced Gide to homosexuality, but, in fact, Gide had already discovered this on his own.

In 1895, after his mother’s death, he married his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux, but the marriage remained unconsummated. In 1896, he became mayor of La Roque-Baignard, a commune in Normandy.

In 1916, Marc Allégret, only 15 years old, became his lover.

In 1923, he sired a daughter, Catherine, by Elisabeth van Rysselberghe, a woman who was much younger than he.

From July 1926 to May 1927, he traveled through the French Equatorial Africa colony with his lover Marc Allégret.

In 1930 Gide published a book about the Blanche Monnier case called La Séquestrée de Poitiers, changing little but the names of the protagonists. Monnier was a young woman who was kept captive by her own mother for more than 25 years.

作品列表

  • 背德者 (1902)
  • 窄门 (1909)
  • 伪币制造者 (1925)

William Somerset Maugham

1874-1965

He spoke French even before he spoke a word of English, a fact to which some critics attribute the purity of his style.

作品列表

  • Of Human Bondage (1915)
  • The Moon and Sixpence (1919)
  • The Painted Veil (1925)
  • The Razor’s Edge (1944)

Jack London

1876-1916

1884年，8岁的杰克·伦敦为了谋生，不得不在牧场当牧童。1886年，10岁的他开始在加利福尼亚州的奥克兰当报童和码头小工。

1890年，他因贫困辍学，并在满14岁（不再是童工）后进入奥克兰的罐头厂工作，一天必须工作10小时，而每小时的工资不超过10美分；因此他兴起借贷买船的念头，并偷偷掠夺私人养殖的牡蛎。1891年，15岁的他已是附近有名的“牡蛎海盗王子”。1892年，杰克·伦敦失业，开始在美国东部和加拿大各地流浪，住在大都市的贫民窟里。贫民窟生活是他后来创作的重要素材，他经常写有关美国贫民窟的故事。

1893年，他签约上了捕鲸船“索非亚·苏德兰”号，这条船一直到了日本海岸。当他回到美国时，美国正处于工人运动造成的混乱中。杰克·伦敦先在纺织厂和城市铁路发电站当了一阵子苦工，然后加入了凯利工人军队，成为了流浪工人。他参加失业大军组成的抗议队伍，抵达华盛顿，目睹了当时美国经济萧条的真实境况；他在这一年曾因“流浪罪”逮捕入狱，几个月后才被释放。

作品列表

Virginia Woolf

1882-1941

作品列表

  • Mrs Dalloway (1925)
  • To the Lighthouse (1927)
  • A Room of One’s Own (1929)

James Joyce

1882-1941

作品列表

  • Dubliners (1914)
  • Ulysses (1922)
  • Finnegans Wake

A.A. Milne

1882-1956

  • Winnie-the-Pooh (1926)
  • The House at Pooh Corner (1928)

Franz Kafka

1883-1924

卡夫卡的性生活很活跃，根据布罗德提供的资料，可以说卡夫卡被性欲所“折磨”而且卡夫卡的传记家赖纳·施塔赫说明他的生活充满了“不断的追求女色”和对“性障碍”的恐惧。卡夫卡在成年后多次去过妓院。并对色情文学产生兴趣。

卡夫卡的死因似乎是因为饿死的：由于卡夫卡的喉头结核，使得进食成为一件十分痛苦的事情，又由于当时的胃肠外营养疗法并不成熟，导致没有任何方式能让卡夫卡吃下东西。

作品列表

  • The Metamorphosis (1915)
  • The Trial (1925)
  • The Castle (1926)
  • Amerika (1927)

Sinclair Lewis

1885-1951

  • Main Street (1920)
  • Babbitt (1922)
  • Arrowsmith (1925)
  • Elmer Gantry (1927)
  • It Can’t Happen Here (1935)

D. H. Lawrence

1885-1930

His modernist works reflect on modernity, social alienation and industrialization, while championing sexuality, vitality and instinct.

At the time of his death, he had been variously scorned as tasteless, avant-garde, and a pornographer who had only garnered success for erotica; however, English novelist and critic E. M. Forster, in an obituary notice, challenged this widely held view, describing him as “the greatest imaginative novelist of our generation.” Later, English literary critic F. R. Leavis also championed both his artistic integrity and his moral seriousness.

作品列表

  • Sons and Lovers (1913)
  • The Rainbow (1915)
  • Women in Love (1920)
  • Lady Chatterley’s Lover (1928)

Henry Miller

1891-1980

作品列表

  • Tropic of Cancer (1934)

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien

1892-1973

作品列表

  • The Hobbit, or There and Back Again (1937)
  • The Fellowship of the Ring (1954)
  • The Two Towers (1954)
  • The Return of the King (1955)

参考

Ernest Hemingway

1899-1961

作品列表

  • The Old Man and the Sea (1952)
  • The Sun Also Rises (1926)
  • A Farewell to Arms (1929)
  • For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
  • A Moveable Feast (1964)

John Steinbeck

1902-1968

作品列表

  • Of Mice and Men (1937)
  • The Grapes of Wrath (1939)

George Orwell

1903-1950

作品列表

William Golding

1911-1993

作品列表

  • Lord of the Flies (1954)

Albert Camus

1913-1960

作品列表

  • The Stranger (1942)
  • The Plague (1947)
  • The Fall (1956)

Bohumil Hrabal

1914-1997

作品列表

  • Closely Watched Trains (1965)
  • 过于喧嚣的孤独 (1976)

J.D. Salinger

1919-2010

作品列表

  • The Catcher in the Rye (1951)

Ray Bradbury

1920-2012

作品列表

  • Fahrenheit 451 (1953)

Frank Herbert

1920-1986

作品列表

  • Dune (1965)
  • Dune Messiah (1969)
  • Children of Dune (1976)
  • God Emperor of Dune (1981)
  • Heretics of Dune (1984)
  • Chapterhouse: Dune (1985)

参考

Norman Mailer

1923-2007

作品列表

  • The Naked and the Dead (1948)

Sylvia Plath

1932-1963

Susan Sontag

1933-2004

作品列表

  • Against Interpretation and Other Essays(1966)
  • On Photography (1973)
  • Illness as Metaphor (1978)
  • Regarding the Pain of Others (2003)

Gabriel García Márquez

1927-2014

作品列表

  • 百年孤独 (1967)
  • 霍乱时期的爱情 (1985)

Milan Kundera

1929-

He “sees himself as a French writer and insists his work should be studied as French literature and classified as such in book stores”

Kundera’s best-known work is The Unbearable Lightness of Being. Prior to the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the communist régime in Czechoslovakia banned his books.

作品列表

Umberto Eco

  • The Name of the Rose (1980)
  • Foucault’s Pendulum (1988)
  • History of Beauty (2004)

S. E. Hinton

1948-

作品列表

  • The Outsiders (1967)

Chuck Palahniuk

1962-

作品列表

  • Fight Club (1996)
  • Invisible Monsters (1999)
  • Survivor (1999)
  • Choke (2001)
  • Haunted (2005)

Dan Brown

1964-

Robert Langdon Series

  • Angels & Demons
  • The Da Vinci Code
  • The Lost Symbol
  • Inferno
  • Origin

参考

J.K. Rowling

1965-

Harry Potter Series

  • Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (1997)
  • Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998)
  • Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999)
  • Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000)
  • Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003)
  • Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005)
  • Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007)

Cormoran Strike Series

  • HThe Cuckoo’s Calling (2013)
  • HThe Silkworm (2014)
  • HCareer of Evil (2015)
  • HLethal White (2018)
  • HTroubled Blood (2020)

参考

Jhumpa Lahiri

1967-

  • The Namesake (2003)
  • Interpreter of Maladies (1999)
  • Unaccustomed Earth (2008)