Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a group of religions centered around worship of the God of Abraham. Abraham, a Hebrew patriarch, is extensively mentioned throughout Abrahamic religious scriptures the Bible, Quran and Torah.
Christian denomination
Missionary
Evangelism
Apologetics
Clergy
Easter
Easter is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary c. 30 AD. It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus Christ, preceded by Lent (or Great Lent), a 40-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.
Sacraments
Sacredness
Sectarianism
Sectarianism is a political or cultural conflict between two groups, which are often related to the form of government which they live under. Prejudice, discrimination, or hatred can arise in these conflicts, depending on the political status quo and if one group holds more power within the government.
Contemplation
a form of Christian prayer or meditation in which a person seeks to pass beyond mental images and concepts to a direct experience of the divine.
Liturgy of the Hours
Lauds is a canonical hour of the Divine office. In the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours it is one of the major hours, usually held after Matins, in the early morning hours.
Prayer
Hymn
Salvation
In Abrahamic religions and theology, salvation is the saving of the soul from sin and its consequences. It may also be called deliverance or redemption from sin and its effects. Depending on the religion or even denomination, salvation is considered to be caused either only by the grace of God (i.e. unmerited and unearned), or by faith, good deeds (works), or a combination thereof. Religions often emphasize that man is a sinner by nature and that the penalty of sin is death (physical death, spiritual death: spiritual separation from God and eternal punishment in hell).
Advent
the first season of the Church year, leading up to Christmas and including the four preceding Sundays.
Judaism
- 6th Century BCE
- In 2019, the world Jewish population was estimated at 14.7 million, or roughly 0.19% of the total world population.
Torah
The Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the same as Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The Dead Sea Scrolls (also the Qumran Caves Scrolls) are ancient Jewish and Hebrew religious manuscripts discovered between 1946 and 1956 at the Qumran Caves in what was then Mandatory Palestine, near Ein Feshkha in the West Bank, on the northern shore of the Dead Sea.
Shabbat
Rabbinic
Talmud
The Talmud is a record of the rabbinic debates in the 2nd-5th century on the teachings of the Torah, both trying to understand how they apply and seeking answers for the situations they themselves were encountering.
The Torah and Talmud together form the background of Judaism today, with the Biblical commands often being re-interpreted in the light of the Talmudic debates (eg ‘an eye for an eye’ does not mean literal physical retribution but financial compensation for the pain, public embarrassment, time off work, medical fees etc).
Synagogue
- is a Jewish house of worship.
- where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies (including weddings, b’nai mitzvah, confirmations, choir performances, or even children’s plays), have rooms for study, social hall(s), administrative and charitable offices, classrooms for religious school and Hebrew school, sometimes Jewish preschools, and often have many places to sit and congregate;
Catholic
- 1st century
- 以罗马主教、即教宗为领袖
- 天主教会的自治团体，主要分为由修道士或修女组成的各种男女修会、以及由平信徒组成的各种善会。在教会法上，教会的自治团体需要获得教会当局的批准方能建立。
- 亨利四世原为新教信徒，为了继承法国王位，改信天主教。
- 旧约圣经原是犹太教主要经籍《塔纳赫》
神职人员
- Bishop
- Priest
- Deacon
Cathedral
Chapel
Patron saint
Indulgence
(in the Roman Catholic Church) a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution. The unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners was a widespread abuse during the later Middle Ages.
Jesuits
耶稣会（拉丁语：Societas Iesu，简写为S.J.或S.I.）是天主教会的主要男修会之一，1534年8月15日由依纳爵·罗耀拉与方济·沙勿略、伯铎·法伯尔等人共同于巴黎成立，出于反宗教改革的需要，重视神学教育、对教会的忠诚度以及向青年传教，发愿守贞、神贫，并要求会士对修会及圣座的命令绝对服从。
Protestantism
- 16th century
- 华人俗称为“基督教”
- 否定天主教教皇制，更相信所有信徒都具有祭司的身份。
- “新教”之西方词源拉丁文“protestatio”（“抗议”），是指1529年神圣罗马帝国宣布路德为异端之后所引起的强烈抗议，而汉译“新教”是用作区别宗教改革前之“旧教”天主教。
Martin Luther
Ninety-five Theses
Puritans
神职人员
- Pastor
Sola fide (因信称义)
Five solae (五个唯独)
Reformation
Calvinism
Baptists
Lutheranism
Methodism
Quaker
“Quaker City”作为费城（Philadelphia）的别名，因而费城人也被称为“Quaker”
Islam (伊斯兰教，回教)
- 7th century CE
- 《古兰经》为基础，信仰安拉，全球约有19亿穆斯林
- 逊尼派是伊斯兰教最大的教派，什叶派是伊斯兰教第二大的宗派
Quran
The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, contains references to more than fifty people and events also found in the Bible. While the stories told in each book are generally comparable, there are also some notable differences. Knowing that versions written in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament does predate the Quran, Christians reason the Quran as being derived directly or indirectly from the earlier materials. Muslims understand the Quran to be direct knowledge from an omnipotent God. As such, some Muslims believe that the earlier versions are distorted through flawed processes of transmission and interpretation over time, and consider the Quran’s version to be more accurate.
Often, stories related in the Quran tend to concentrate on the moral or spiritual significance of events rather than the details. Biblical stories come from diverse sources and authors, so their attention to detail varies individually.
《古兰经》的内容与犹太教《旧约》及基督教《新约》经典记载的主要故事有相同之处，但有些只是概括论述，有些则加以引申详述，有时会提供额外的资料及对事件加以评价和解释。与前两者不同，《古兰经》把自身定位为一部指导性的典籍，因此很少详尽地记载神谕的具体指示、还有相关的历史事件，经常强调事件当中的价值观，而不是本身的故事性。《古兰经》及圣训都是制订伊斯兰教法的依据。在礼拜期间只能以阿拉伯语诵读古兰经。
Sunni Islam
Shia Islam
Qisas
Qisas is an Islamic term interpreted to mean “retaliation in kind”
Mosque
Orthodox
Eastern Orthodoxy is the predominant religion in Russia (77%), where roughly half the world’s Eastern Orthodox Christians live. The religion is also heavily concentrated in the rest of Eastern Europe, where it is the majority religion in Ukraine (65.4%–77%), Romania (82%), Belarus (48%–73%), Greece (95%–98%), Serbia (97%), Bulgaria (88%), Moldova (93%), Georgia (84%), North Macedonia (65%), Cyprus (89%) and Montenegro (72%).
Hinduism
Guru
Mantra
(originally in Hinduism and Buddhism) a word or sound repeated to aid concentration in meditation.
Buddhism
Nirvana
(in Buddhism) a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.